Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Marketing Management - Essay Example It strengthens the retail distribution and it benefits the retailers in building strong store traffic and enhances the store image. However, over enthusiasm and wrong decisions can prove to be fatal to the brand and may fail to attract the customers. Brands are assets that are difficult to develop, maintain, and adapt. A brand goes beyond the name or a logo or a slogan. It is the customers’ perception of the stimulus when the brand is presented (Berry & Lampo, 2004). Brands are a manufacturer’s promise of quality to consumers. Brands function as insurance policies against the monetary and social/psychological losses facing the consumers when they purchase a product (DelVecchio, 2000). A brand is supposed to reduce risk and enhance the confidence of the consumer when he purchases a product. A consumer believes that when a company has undertaken to invest in a brand, the product would not be of inferior quality. Since they lack personal experience with the product, they go by the reputation of the brand name. It provides the customers with both observable and unobservable product attributes, reduces their anxiety and simplifies the shopping process (Srinivasan & Till, 2002). Brands names affect consumers’ perc eption about the product attributes in different ways. Brands reduce the perceived risks and the search cost for the consumers (Kayman & Arasli, 2007). When discussing about corporate brands, Aaker (2004), contends that brand plays the role of an endorser as in the case of Courtyard (by Marriott), MSN (by Microsoft), or Lion King (by Disney). The brand adds credibility to the products that reassures the buyer, especially when a new technology is involved. Corporate brands communicate the service quality as in the case of the Starwood brand which endorses several hotel chains – Westin, Sheraton, and St. Regis. In the hospitality industry brand owners can charge a premium price over rivals, they can maintain market share over rivals

Comparing Spinoza’s Ethics and Dostoyevsky’s Notes from the Underground :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Spinoza’s Ethics and Dostoyevsky’s Notes from the Underground Perhaps my choice of the subject may come across as a little eccentric, to say the least. To appear quaint and whimsical, however, is not my intention, so I figured as an introduction, I would explain my choice. From so far as I can tell, philosophy, or the search for truth, has all too often been equated with certainty. This quality of certainty has been especially magnified in the rationalist branch of philosophy. Starting with Descartes’ vision of a philosophy with a mathematical certainty, rationalists claimed to have grasped a rather large portion of reality, including the world, God, consciousness, and whatever falls in-between. As empiricists argued, most of this "knowledge" was in effect assumed, a habit, as it had no representation in the real world. The rationalists’ notorious abstractness and their disregard for the seeming discrepancy between their proofs and the real world have been the main reasons for the fearsome opposition and caricature they faced: eve n Voltaire, though influenced to a great extent by Leibniz’s philosophy, ridicules it in his masterpiece Candide in the form of ludicrously optimistic Pangloss. . Kant, especially, has put a rather impressive dent in the hull of rationalist philosophy, branding it dogmatic metaphysics. As he pointed out, rationalist philosophy ignores the sensory component of human perception when embarking on its ill-fated quest to find a metaphysics with absolute knowledge. I find this criticism the most powerful, as it points out the discrepancy between the real world and the abstract world of rationalists. Spinoza’s system stands on the cutting edge of rationalist thought, attempting to establish the certain, necessary and universal truths of reality and nature by reducing Descartes’ philosophy to a set of axioms and definitions, like one would do with a geometry proof. Dostoyevsky stands on the opposite side of the spectrum, exposing the shortcomings of reason with frightful realism. He, in my opinion, makes incredibly insightful points about this discrepancy between how things "should" be and how they are. When comparing the manifestos of these two thinkers, Spinoza’s Ethics and Dostoyevsky’s Notes from the Underground, one can easily see the difference in language. Spinoza’s language is strictly mathematical. He is not concerned with engaging the reader. His primary concern is with presenting his idea with clarity and consistency. Dostoyevsky’s language differs due to the difference of his intention.

Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Effect is a term for the role the atmosphere plays in helping warm the earth’s surface. The atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave ( or ultrviolet) soalr radiation, which is absorbed by earth’s surface. The earth receives energy from the sun, which warms the earth’s surface. As this energy passes through the atmosphere, a certain percentage gets scattered. Some part of this energy is reflected back into the atmosphere from the land and ocean surface. The rest (70%) actually remains behind to heat the earth. n order to establisha balance, therefore, the earth must radiate some energy back into the atmosphere. As the earth is much cooler than the sun, it does not emit energy as visisble llight. It emitsthrought is frared or thermal radiation. However, certain gases in the atmosphere. Without this blanket effect, the earth would be around 30oC colder than it normally is. These gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide along wi th water vapour, comprise less than one per cent of the atmosphere. They are called ‘greenhouse gases† as the working principle is same as that which occurs in a greenhouse. Just as the galss of the greenhouse prevent the radiation of excess energy, this ‘gas blanket’ absorbs some of the energy emitted by the earth and keeps temperaature level intact. This effect was first recognized by a France scientist, Jean-Baptiste Fourier, who pionted out the similarly in what happen in the atmosphere and in a green house. Hence he terms the greenhouse effect. This gas blanket has been in place ever since the creation of the earth. Since the industrial revolution human activities have been releasing more and more of these greenhouse gases into atmosphere. This leads to the blanket becaming thicker and upsets gses are called ‘sources’ and those that remove them are known as ‘sink’. A balance between ‘source’ and ‘sink’ maintains the level of these greenhouse gases. Humankind upsets this balance when new source that interfere with the natural gas. When we destroy forest, the carbon stored in the treeescapes as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Increasing agricultural activities, changes in land use patterns, and other sources lead to rising level of methane and nitrous oxide. Industrial processes also release artificial and new greenhouse gases like CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), while automobile exhaust fumes lead to ozone generation. The resulting enchaned greenhouse effect is more commonly referred to as global warming or climate change. Global warming is a result of the increase of thickness of the greenhouse gas layer that is release into the atmosphere through human activity like burning fossil fuel. Increase greenhouse gas concerntration may be resulting in more heat being trap in the atmosphere and increasing global temperature emitted by the cars we drive, the furnaces we use to heat our homes and the industries that produce oil and gas, create electricity and develop products for the world’s marketplace. These greeghouse are completely human caused. They harm stratospheric ozone and so are not as directly responsible for global warming as carbon dioxideis. The question of reducing their presence in the stratosphere is being taken care of in another global convention, the Montreal Protocol. These gases are particularly effective in absorbing long wave radiation from the earth’s surface and preventing heat from escaping. Alhtough the views and opinions of people across the world vary on issues relating to the cause of global warming and its possible impacts, there is a common understanding that is is a cause for major global concern and must be adressed immediately. Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Effect is a term for the role the atmosphere plays in helping warm the earth’s surface. The atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave ( or ultrviolet) soalr radiation, which is absorbed by earth’s surface. The earth receives energy from the sun, which warms the earth’s surface. As this energy passes through the atmosphere, a certain percentage gets scattered. Some part of this energy is reflected back into the atmosphere from the land and ocean surface. The rest (70%) actually remains behind to heat the earth. n order to establisha balance, therefore, the earth must radiate some energy back into the atmosphere. As the earth is much cooler than the sun, it does not emit energy as visisble llight. It emitsthrought is frared or thermal radiation. However, certain gases in the atmosphere. Without this blanket effect, the earth would be around 30oC colder than it normally is. These gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide along wi th water vapour, comprise less than one per cent of the atmosphere. They are called ‘greenhouse gases† as the working principle is same as that which occurs in a greenhouse. Just as the galss of the greenhouse prevent the radiation of excess energy, this ‘gas blanket’ absorbs some of the energy emitted by the earth and keeps temperaature level intact. This effect was first recognized by a France scientist, Jean-Baptiste Fourier, who pionted out the similarly in what happen in the atmosphere and in a green house. Hence he terms the greenhouse effect. This gas blanket has been in place ever since the creation of the earth. Since the industrial revolution human activities have been releasing more and more of these greenhouse gases into atmosphere. This leads to the blanket becaming thicker and upsets gses are called ‘sources’ and those that remove them are known as ‘sink’. A balance between ‘source’ and ‘sink’ maintains the level of these greenhouse gases. Humankind upsets this balance when new source that interfere with the natural gas. When we destroy forest, the carbon stored in the treeescapes as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Increasing agricultural activities, changes in land use patterns, and other sources lead to rising level of methane and nitrous oxide. Industrial processes also release artificial and new greenhouse gases like CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), while automobile exhaust fumes lead to ozone generation. The resulting enchaned greenhouse effect is more commonly referred to as global warming or climate change. Global warming is a result of the increase of thickness of the greenhouse gas layer that is release into the atmosphere through human activity like burning fossil fuel. Increase greenhouse gas concerntration may be resulting in more heat being trap in the atmosphere and increasing global temperature emitted by the cars we drive, the furnaces we use to heat our homes and the industries that produce oil and gas, create electricity and develop products for the world’s marketplace. These greeghouse are completely human caused. They harm stratospheric ozone and so are not as directly responsible for global warming as carbon dioxideis. The question of reducing their presence in the stratosphere is being taken care of in another global convention, the Montreal Protocol. These gases are particularly effective in absorbing long wave radiation from the earth’s surface and preventing heat from escaping. Alhtough the views and opinions of people across the world vary on issues relating to the cause of global warming and its possible impacts, there is a common understanding that is is a cause for major global concern and must be adressed immediately.

Importance Of Culture Of Pakistan - 1126 Words

Cultures revolve around the ideas and skills of a group or society. In Pakistan, the many cultures of different tribes blend to form a unified nation. Pakistani cultures influence the lives of citizens and tourists by providing memories they will cherish forever. Pakistani cultures originate from the past of families and are carried on through tradition. Celebrating the accomplishments of their past, Pakistani people remember what is important to them through their people, religion, and food. Pakistan only averages 10 inches of rain per year, leaving western Pakistan with the lowest population because of how dry and hot it is. The economy in Pakistan relies on farming, which leads most people to make a living off of crops or raising†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It is the main reason that Pakistan became an independent nation in the mid-1900’s.† (ODonnell, Kerri) Islam religion is the second fastest growing religion in the world, spreading the message of, one book, one God, one prophet. (the history of nations) The Muslim religion centers around the Prophet Muhammad about 1400 years ago. They believe that he had been sent to teach them about God. These people that practice the Islam religion read from a book called the Quran and kneel toward Mecca, a city in Saudi Arabia where Muhammad was born. Practicing Muslims must make a journey to Mecca at least once in their lifetime to pray. Praying is something that the Muslim people do five times a day no mat ter where they are. Fridays are the day that the entire family travels to the mosque to pray. Many religious traditions are the part of Pakistani culture, for instance, the annual ceremonies on the tombs, which are again the influence of Indian culture. Lots of different festivals are the part of this colorful culture, one of them is the spring festival which is celebrated on a wide scale when all the cities are decorated with flowers and different flower exhibitions are promoted especially in these days. Kite flying is another charm of these spring festivals. Hence, Pakistani culture is presentable, where the respect for elders and family etiquettes are also the imperative factors. Particularly Pakistani weddings areShow MoreRelatedBrief Overview Of Education System Of Pakistan And China Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesOverview of Education System in Pakistan Similarities and Dissimilarities in the Higher Education of Pakistan and China Name: Muhammad Saleem I.D Number: M2016127 Subject: Higher Education of China Assigned by: Professor Lee Saiqiang Dr. Han Jiying Semester: First â€Æ' Abstract The purpose of this paper is to fulfill the requirements of a final term paper of the first semester. This paper attempts to put the glance on the Education system of Pakistan and China. Firstly, it aimsRead MoreThemes of Stones Into Schools Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pageseducation in many regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan is virtually nonexistent. 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